The risk of cognitive impairment may be higher in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis than in children without the condition, according to a recent study published by Ma et al in JAMA Dermatology. Prior research has indicated that patients with atopic dermatitis may experience cognitive impairment; however, these studies have primarily focused on neurodevelopmental diagnoses as proxies for cognitive function. In a cross-sectional study, investigators used the 2021 U.S. National Health Interview Survey to analyze the data of 69.7 million pediatric patients aged 17 years or younger, 9.2 million of whom had atopic dermatitis. Compared to those without atopic dermatitis, patients with atopic dermatitis were more likely to experience learning difficulties (10.8% vs 5.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.8%–15.8% vs 5.1%–6.9%) and memory difficulties (11.1% vs 5.8%, 95% CI = 8.0%–15.9% vs 4.9%–6.9%). Atopic dermatitis was correlated with an increased risk of learning difficulties (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.28–2.45) and memory difficulties (adjusted OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.19–2.41). Nonetheless, the association between atopic dermatitis and memory difficulties was only observed among patients with neurodevelopmental comorbidities such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or learning disabilities. The investigators hope their findings can lead to improved cognitive impairment risk stratification and emphasized the need to assess cognitive function in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis and neurodevelopmental comorbidities.